Among the three intercropping systems, drumstick +marigold achieved the highest net return (Rs 8,54,595/ha) and a B:C ratio of 3.65, outperforming drumstick with ginger and pointed gourd. The treatment combination of drumstick planted in bottomless earthen cylinders with straw mulching, three-fourths filled pits, and percolation pits recorded highest net return (Rs 8,80,288/ha).
